Eminent Domain
Understand eminent domain in Canadian real estate — what it means, how it works, and how property owners are compensated.

July 27, 2025
What is Eminent Domain?
Eminent domain is the government’s legal right to expropriate private property for public use, with fair compensation to the owner.
Why Eminent Domain Matters in Real Estate
In Canadian real estate, eminent domain (called expropriation) allows governments to acquire land for highways, utilities, or public facilities.
Key aspects:
- Must serve a public purpose
- Requires fair market compensation
- Subject to legal process and appeal
Understanding eminent domain protects property owners’ rights and informs negotiations when land is taken.
Example of Eminent Domain in Action
The city exercised eminent domain to acquire land for a new light rail line, compensating the owners at market value.
Key Takeaways
- Government right to take private land
- Requires compensation at fair value
- Used for public projects
- Involves legal process and rights
- Known as expropriation in Canada
Related Terms
- Expropriation
- Fair Market Value
- Land Assembly
- Zoning
- Official Plan


























September residential sales, not seasonally adjusted; the annual comparison uses CREA’s revised figures. Chart:
Annual changes in the unadjusted national MLS® HPI and average sale price. The average is affected by the mix of transactions. Chart:
Seasonally adjusted residential months of inventory by province. Local property types can differ substantially. Chart:
Ontario and B.C. are the two provinces with forecast annual average-price declines in 2026. Chart:
Annual average transaction prices in Canadian dollars. Forecast values are not December price targets. Chart:
Five-year changes in seasonally adjusted composite MLS® HPI benchmarks, September 2021 to September 2026. Chart: 
