Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act

Explore the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA) in Canadian law — what it governs, how it applies to real estate, and why it matters to creditors and debtors.

Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act

June 13, 2025


What the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act?

The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA) is a federal law in Canada that governs the legal process for personal and business bankruptcies, insolvencies, and restructuring options.

Why the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act Matters in Real Estate

In Canadian real estate and business law, the BIA establishes how creditors are repaid when a debtor can no longer meet financial obligations.



Key functions of the BIA:
  • Provides frameworks for bankruptcy and consumer proposals
  • Establishes priorities for creditor repayment
  • Enables court-appointed trustees to administer bankruptcies
  • Facilitates corporate restructuring under Division I proposals



The BIA protects both debtors and creditors and often intersects with property foreclosures, receiverships, and the sale of real estate assets.



Understanding the BIA helps investors, lenders, and borrowers navigate financial distress and asset recovery.

Example of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act in Action

A bankrupt builder’s assets were liquidated under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, and creditors were repaid in accordance with the statute’s rules.

Key Takeaways

  • Governs bankruptcy and insolvency in Canada
  • Applies to individuals and businesses
  • Sets out creditor repayment priorities
  • Overseen by licensed insolvency trustees
  • Often invoked in distressed property sales

Related Terms

Additional Terms

Construction Loan

A construction loan is a short-term, interim financing option used to fund the building or major renovation of a property, with funds disbursed in. more

Certificate of Occupancy

A certificate of occupancy is an official document issued by a municipal authority confirming that a building complies with applicable codes and is. more

Bylaw Variance

A bylaw variance is official permission granted by a municipal authority allowing a property owner to deviate from local zoning or building bylaw. more

Absorption Rate

Absorption rate is a metric that measures the rate at which available properties are sold or leased in a specific market over a given period.. more

Corporate Restructuring

Corporate restructuring refers to the reorganization of a company’s operations, assets, or liabilities, often under court supervision, to improve. more

Consumer Proposal

A consumer proposal is a formal, legally binding agreement in Canada between an individual and their creditors to repay a portion of their debt over. more

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